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Getting Pregnant after Emergency Contraceptives

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What are your chances of getting pregnant after ECP?
Emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) can only reduce your chance of getting pregnant by 75%. ECP works by preventing a pregnancy before it happens. The sooner ECPs are taken after unprotected sex, the more effective they are in preventing pregnancy.

It is not effective if implantation, i.e., when a fertilized egg has attached itself to the wall of the womb has already occurred. So ECP will not work if a woman is already pregnant.

It will also not cause an Abortion. Since it is not as effective as other regular Contraception methods, you may want to consider taking a pregnancy test or consult your doctor if you do not get your periods within 21 days after taking ECP.

Risk of pregnancy if you have sex after having ECP
Emergency Contraception will not prevent pregnancy if you have unprotected sex after taking the ECPs. It only protects against pregnancy when you take them after sexual intercourse. Although ECPs may probably prevent pregnancy if you have sex immediately after taking them, but there is no concrete evidence to show how long they would be effective.

Hence you are still at risk of pregnancy if you have sex after taking ECPs. You should consider using other birth control methods like condom during further sexual acts, till your next period.

Return of fertility after taking ECPs
Emergency contraceptive pill does not affect future fertility. You may become pregnant if you have unprotected sex after taking ECPs.

Effects on pregnancy
ECP does not increase risk of birth defects if you have taken it while pregnant or pregnancy results from ECP failure. The possible reason for not causing birth defects may be because you might have taken EC long before the organs of your baby start to develop.

Available scientific data also confirm that babies born to mothers who have accidentally taken ECP during early pregnancy have not been found to have any adverse effects.

ECPs do not increase the chance that a pregnancy after ECP use will be ectopic; moreover, like all contraceptive methods, ECPs reduce the risk of Ectopic Pregnancy by preventing pregnancy in general.

Beginning a Family Planning Method after ECP
If you use condoms, spermicides or a diaphragm as regular form of contraception, you can start using them immediately following ECP use. However if you are planning to use contraceptive pills, injectables, contraceptive patch, IUD, consult your doctor about when you should start using it.

Adapted from: Emergency Contraception and Brief Update on Regular Contraception. Guide Book for Health-Care Providers, authored by Dr. Suneeta Mittal, Director-in-Charge WHO-CCR in Human Reproduction, AIIMS. 2003.

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